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Cultural competences of nurses in general practitioners' surgeries.
ŠVANCÁROVÁ, Anna
The Diploma Thesis on the topic: "Cultural competences of nurses in general practitioners' surgeries" aimed to map the level of cultural competence of nurses in the surgeries of general practitioner for adults (further referred to as GP). Following the stated aim, these two research questions were identified: What is the level of cultural competence of nurses in the GP's surgeries? What cultural challenges are present for nurses in the GP's surgeries? Firstly, the theoretical part of the work focuses initially on globalization and migration. It deals with migration, describes the situation in the Czech Republic and provides information on the development of the number of foreigners living here. It explains basic concepts in the field of transcultural nursing. It describes the main models that deal with cultural competence, culturally sensitive and adapted care and the theory of transcultural nursing. One of the chapters focuses on the transcultural features of minorities and religions, which are most common in the Czech Republic. Secondly, it describes a nurse in a GP surgery, describing and explaining her cultural competence. And last but not least, it deals with her communication skills in the GP surgery. The basis for achieving the set goal was a qualitative research method in primary care facilities, which was part of the research grant project number GAJU 046/2021S, which is implemented with the financial support of the Grant Agency of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. Data collection was carried out using a semi-structured interview. It contained twenty questions with appropriate sub-questions. The research population consisted of nurses who work in GP's surgeries and have experience with patients of diverse minorities. After informing the interviewees and with their consent, the interviews were audio recorded. Only for one respondent was the information obtained in written form on paper. The audio recordings were subsequently transcribed into written form and processed using the open coding method, the "pencil - paper" technique. All respondents were assured of complete anonymity. The results of the research are presented in the form of 4 categories, which are subsequently divided into further subcategories. These are clearly shown schematically in the work. Individual categories try to answer the research questions of this thesis. The work provides us with a comprehensive view of the cultural competence of nurses in the GP's surgeries. The results indicate what cultural competences the nurses hold, whether they are even aware of these competences, to what extent they have knowledge of the specifics of individual cultures, especially those they encounter, and last but not least, how they can communicate with patients of different cultures and what communication barriers they experience. The research results can be used in the teaching of non-medical health workers and students at ZSF JU in České Budějovice. The educational part can lead to the creation of principles and guidelines for culturally competent nursing care. The preparation of nurses to provide nursing care for patients from a different culture or similar culture in ambulatory care in the Czech Republic can be made more effective by new principles from this research.
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Providing nursing care to foreigners from the perspective of nursing students
KAVANOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis focuses on the provision of nursing care to foreigners from the perspective of nursing student. During their internship, nursing students are part of the department's day-to-day operations. It is therefore necessary to provide them with a sufficient amount of information in transcultural nursing. The aim of this thesis is to map students' experiences in providing nursing care to foreigners and thus learn information that could help other students to provide quality transcultural nursing care. The bachelor thesis consists of a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part deals with migration, multiculturalism and transcultural nursing. It also focuses on education in the field of multicultural education. The characteristics and specifics of nursing care for selected minorities and religions are also indispensable parts of chapters. A qualitative method of data collection has been chosen for the empirical part of the bachelor thesis. Data collection has been performed using semi-structured interviews, taken from 12 nursing students. The results of the interviews have been processed into 4 categories, which relate to students' communication with foreigners, current studies in multicultural nursing, knowledge and experience of students in transcultural nursing. The research shows that all students met with nursing care for a patient of a different minority. The biggest problem for the students was the language barrier, as well as the tedious nursing care of this patient or non-cooperation on the part of the patient. According to the answers, it most often occurred in patients of the Romani people. For the students, the Romani represented not only the non-cooperating patient, but also the patient who had the most specifics during nursing care. The results of this bachelor thesis can be used by nursing students in education in this area.
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Nurse from a minority society in the Czech healthcare
KARTÁKOVÁ, Nikola
This bachelor thesis will deal with the issue of nurses from minority groups. The theoretical part deals with transcultural nursing in general, but also with other important topics that are directly related to nurses from minorty groups. The empirical part has stated two aims. The first aim was to find out what issues nures from minority society face in Czech healthcare. The second aim was to find out what attitude the patients have towards a nurse from the minority society. Based on the set aims, four research questions have been posed. The first research question is trying to find out what issues does a nurse from the minority society notice within their workplace? The second question was what issues does a nurse from the minority society notice in relation to patients? The third research question asks how does the patient perceive the fact that they are being cared for by a minority society nurse? The last question was researching what communication issues does the patient perceive in communicating with a nurse from the minority society? To process the empirical part, a qualitative research method was chosen, specifically using semi-structured interviews that were carried out together with nurses coming from minority groups. They are individuals of different nationality or a different religion, working in Czech healthcare system. Further, interviews were being carried out with patients who experienced the care by nurses from minority groups. There were six informants in case of nurses, and five patients. In case of nurses, the main choice criterium was a different nationality or religion. In the category of patients, these had to be people who have at least once in their lives encountered the care by a nurse from a minority society. Based on acquired interviews, a data analysis was done and the results were further worked out into individual categories. The acquired results have proven that the main issue in the cooperation of nurses of a different nationality and Czech patients is difficult communication. Further, we have found out that foreign nurses are very happy in Czech healthcare and they do not notice any significant issues, except a language barrier. They only have pointed out documentation and machines as problematic, because they are not used to them. Further, it was discovered that patients perceive minority nurses rather positively and, again, besides difficult communication, they do not perceive any significant issues. Communication, however, is totally a basic feature of healthcare, and our research has discovered that if a nurse is unable to communicate efficiently, the patient is unhappy, they do not trust the nurse sufficiently and they may even refuse their care.
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Cultural competences of nurses in intensive nursing care
BALOUNOVÁ, Lucie
The goal of this thesis with the name "Cultural Competence of Nurses in Intensive Nursing Care" is to analyze the cultural competence of intensive nursing care. Based on this topic, two questions have been created: "What is the cultural competence of nurses in intensive nursing care" and "Which cultural challenges do nurses face in intensive nursing care?" The theoretical part of this thesis focuses on the characteristics of multicultural nursing care, defining basic concepts that are associated with this topic. It also describes various nursing care models about multicultural nursing care, along with communication and the challenges associated with specific minorities. There is also a chapter that focuses on the characteristics of intensive care and the specifics of communication with patients. The empirical part of this thesis was written in a qualitative form, comprising of interviews that gathered data based on thirty-two questions and a few sub-questions. The introduction had three questions collecting personal information of the interviewees, then another twenty-nine questions followed with thirteen sub-questions that focused on the nursing care of patients of minority groups, the specifics of transcultural nursing care, educating nurses about this topic and how much experience did they have with this topic. If necessary, further questions were asked. The whole interview was done so that it would be able to provide answers to our study questions that were made ahead of time and to also provide a picture of how nurses handle intensive care in patients of minority groups. We asked a total of ten general nurses who at the time of this study worked in intensive care, either at a department of anesthesiology and resuscitation, intensive care department or intermediate care. The interviews were then processed with open code and coloring text. In order to make the results of the study easier to understand, they have been divided and presented into four categories and ten subcategories. The categories clearly describe the experiences and thoughts of nurses. The results provide a holistic view on transcultural nursing care in intensive care. Based on this study, transcultural nursing care is becoming even more significant in today's society and it is important to not just focus on the education of nurses regarding this topic, but also to teach foreign languages, because language barriers are one of the most common obstacles nurses must face. This work may serve as educational material not just for students of healthcare professions, but also for nurses working in intensive care. The results alone point to shortcomings and problems associated with providing a culturally competent care and may contribute to improving this specific topic.
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The Jehowah´s witnesses religious society in the context of current nursing
KOSMÁKOVÁ, Alena
Abstract This thesis focuses on the issue of transcultural nursing of the members of Jehovah's Witnesses Christian denomination. Nursing staff faces the rejection of certain medical treatments and problems in communication, respect, and mutual understanding. The theoretical part of the thesis provides a detailed description and analysis of the denomination, providing the details of its foundation, present state, and the influence of its teaching on their members. It reveals the lives and ways of the thinking of Jehovah's Witnesses. Ultimately, this knowledge is highly desirable for understanding their views, feelings and attitudes. It is essential that nursing staff have this knowledge and are able to use it effectively.The designated objectives of the thesis are to analyse the Jehovah's Witnesses Christian denomination in the context of present nursing, to describe the specific features of nursing with respect to patients who are members of the Jehovah's Witnesses Christian denomination, and to analyse potential problems and risks related to nursing members of the Jehovah's Witnesses Christian denomination. To reach the above objectives we have used qualitative research methods. We conducted interviews with 17 persons living in the Czech Republic and in Germany who work in health services. An interview with a former Jehovah's Witness is included in the annex.From our research it follows that there are conflicts of opinion, misunderstandings, disagreements, and negative emotions of the medical staff based on their experience. An important factor is the ward type. Our research has indicated there are more conflicts in highly-specialised wards compared to standard outpatient departments. The study results have indicated that it is necessary to include transcultural nursing generally into secondary nursing education
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The communication skills of nurses with patients of foreign culture
JAREŠOVÁ, Marie
This Master thesis is focused on the communication skills of nurses with patients of different culture. The goal of this thesis was to figure out the barriers which arise during the communication with patients of different culture and to further determine the knowledge of nurses about proper approach with these patients. The next goal was to gather the patients experience in the area of communication in healthcare facilities and to find out their communication specifications. In the theoretical part, general principles of communication were described. Subsequently, three various national minorities (Vietnamese, Romany, and Ukrainian) and two religious minorities (Orthodox and Muslim), which can be found in the Czech Republic, were introduced. Most importantly, their characteristics and their specifications in the field of healthcare and communication were defined. The empiric part of the thesis was evaluated by a qualitative research with a semi-structured interview as a data gathering technique. The first subject group included general nurses which had had experience with taking care of patients of different culture. The second subject group consisted of several individuals of particular national and religious minorities (Vietnamese, Ukrainian, Romany, Muslim and Orthodox). Obtained information from the interviews was sorted into individual categories and subcategories. Eventually, the data showed that the biggest problem which arises during the communication between nurses and individual patients of different national and religious minorities is a language barrier from the side of the healthcare professional. It is mostly due to the fact that a hospitalized patient in a Czech healthcare facility is not always able to actively communicate with the staff in Czech. Additionally, it was observed that apart of the language barrier, there is a need to continuously educate the healthcare personnel about individual aspects of cultural and communicational specifications of mentioned minorities. The main and most important finding of this thesis is that the attending personnel is always willing to look for a way how to communicate with foreign patients on a personal and professional level even despite the language barrier. The output of this Master thesis is an educational material made for general nurses which helps with the introduction of particular communication specifications of patients of several chosen national and religious minorities.
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Nutrition of Patients from Selected National and Religious Minorities in Medical Devices.
BRŮŽOVÁ, Daniela
Nowadays, we frequently meet individuals from other countries, people of different religion, with their own values and culture, which is different from the general majority. These individuals also have specific dietary and nutritional requirements. If food is based on the very foundations of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, it is a fundamental aspect of human existence. The goal of modern nursing is to provide individuals with culturally specific care through culturally appropriate ways to match the cultural values, beliefs, and life habits of the individual or group. The aim of this master thesis is to map the issue of nutrition of patients from selected national and religious minorities in health care facilities. The empirical part of the thesis is based on qualitative research. The data collection technique was a semi-structured interview, which was conducted with representatives of minorities (Roma, Vietnamese, followers of Islam and followers of Orthodoxy), as well as with representatives of general nurses and nutrition therapists. The research results show that representatives of the Roma and Vietnamese minorities have minimal dietary requirements during hospitalization. The requirements of followers of Orthodoxy depend on whether and to what extend they are fasting. Representatives of Islamists have the greatest dietetic requirements in hospital facilities. Furthermore, significant differences in diet can also be found within one minority. During the hospitalization, majority of probands were not asked about the dietary specifics and requirements based on their culture or about the eating habits of them as individuals. This statement was further confirmed by general nurses, when several probands told us that they do not ask patients about their dietary requirements. The results of interviews with general nurses clearly show high level of deficiency in the knowledge of transcultural nursing, as well as in the provision of transcultural care. Probands from the ranks of general nurses named very few cultures that they encounter during their practice. Also, it was clear from interviews with nutrition therapists that they do not encounter a great cultural diversity of patients. This raises questions such as whether the nursing history is obtained by the nurses in the right way and whether the eating habits and requirements of the patients are recorded. Collaboration between general nurses and nutritional therapists was assessed positively by representatives of both of these research groups. The output of this master thesis is an educational material designed for nurses, which should acquaint health professionals with the specifics of providing care for selected minorities.
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Transcultural approach in nursing by the view of foreigners.
MAHURSKA, Iryna
In this thesis, we will deal with problems of transcultural nursing for foreigners who sought medical care in the Czech Republic. Current problems of migration and need of foreigners to go abroad to find better conditions for living. Medical staff will meet with providing the medical care to foreigners in Czech medical facility more often. Much greater emphasis is put on transcultural nursing and its use in Czech medical system. The work is divided in two parts, theoretical and empirical. The first part deals with theory, definition of transcultural nursing, differences in transcultural and multicultural nursing and problems of communication with foreigners when providing the transcultural nursing as well. In the empirical part we will examine experience of foreigners with nursing care, which they were provided with in the Czech Republic. A qualitative research, together with a method of semi-structured interview, were chosen for processing the empirical part. The research cohort consists of 6 foreigners, who met with the medical care in the Czech Republic. The outcomes were processed in 2 categories and 2 subcategories, on the basis of accomplished interviews. The obtained results showed that the foreigners are satisfied with the care provided in the Czech Republic, but they highlight the failings in the field of communication and use of transcultural procedures in practice. Furthermore, we found out, that the medical staff endeavoured to serve the foreigners, who had specific requirements. Unfortunately, they also met with failure and ignorance about their requirements. On the basis of obtained information, we can judge, that the foreigners are satisfied with the care, but they recommend further education in the theory of transcultural nursing to the medical staff.
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Foreign language as a communication barrier in intensive care
Zachová, Eva ; Mellanová, Alena (advisor) ; Svobodová, Dita (referee)
This diploma thesis analyzes if there is communication barrier with foreign patients at the selected intensive care units. We dealt with question whether hospital employees perceive communication with foreigners as a problem or not and how can they solve the problem. The first (theoretical) part is devoted to the role of communication in nursing process and to the definition of term communication barrier. In next chapters we have analyzed the profile of multicultural nursing. Then we focus on the issues of cross-cultural communication and communication barriers in contact with foreigners and the most common causes and techniques used to deal with such situations. We pay great attention to prevention and potential solutions to barriers between cultures and ethnic groups. The motivation for the thesis was supposed effecto of communication gaps on health and higher psychological burden on staff, especially when one of the basic activities of nurses is to educate patients. Research interprets the information obtained from a self-designed questionnaire survey. Questionnaires were distributed to intensive care and resuscitation units in four hospitals in Prague. Statistical evaluation of the questionnaires either confirms or refuses the hypothesis that I set at the beginning of the research. According to...
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Transcultural Midwifery Care Focusing on the Mongolian Women Living in the Czech Republic
Hromková, Lucie ; Hroníková, Linda (advisor) ; Vrublová, Yvetta (referee) ; Šima, Jiří (referee)
The dissertation aims at the issue of transcultural care in the practice of midwives with a specific focus on Mongolian women, who currently represent the fifth largest group in terms of the number of births of foreigners in the Czech Republic. The theoretical framework of the text consists of chapters on nursing with subsequent differentiation of the field with regard to specialized care in the field of gynecology-obstetrics, as well as the divided subdiscipline of transcultural nursing care. An integral part of the theoretical part of the work are the basic general information about Mongolia and the Mongols. The practical part of the work is represented by my own qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative research was carried out in the field through in-depth interviews with Mongolian women living in the Czech Republic and having experience with their own childbirth in a Czech maternity hospital. The aim of the research was to uncover possible peculiarities and requirements that a midwife may encounter from Mongolian women in the provision of transcultural care related to pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period. Additional quantitative research was conducted in the form of a questionnaire survey among Prague midwives and was focused on finding out the awareness, previous experience...
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